There are 185 Articles and Papers in the library.

Happiness is Taxonomy: Four Structures for Snoopy
by Katherine Bertolucci (3/2003)
Subject: Classification, Information Organization
Language: English
Abstract: As information access becomes increasingly virtual, librarians and information managers are creating new gateways to knowledge. One of these gateways is taxonomy, a technique that organizes information into hierarchical categories. This article includes insights into the art of category creation, insights that are useful to anyone attempting to build or to understand taxonomy.

Голям архитект, малък архитект Microsoft Word Document
by Peter Morville (2000)
Subject: Information Architecture - Job Skills
Language: Bulgarian

Определение за Информационна Архитектура Microsoft Word Document
by Peter Morville (2000)
Subject: Conferences & Meetings, Information Architecture - Practices
Language: Bulgarian
Available Translations:
English at argus-acia.com/strange_connections/strange001.html

ユニバーサロンレポート: アクセシビリティやユーザビリティ満たす情報の枠組み (10/3/2003)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: Japanese
Abstract: 2003年10月2日に行われたソシオメディア主催のフォーラム「成功するウェブサイトの情報整理術－インフォメーション・アーキテクチャの視点」の紹介および同フォーラムのために初来日したルイス・ローゼンフェルド氏への動画インタビュー。

小型的用户体验研究 Microsoft Word Document
by Steve Baty (5/7/2008)
Subject: Research Methods, User Testing
Language: Chinese
Abstract: If you don’t have the resources of a large UX team, with the budgets and timelines to undertake the ideal user-centered design (UCD) or activity-centered design process, you can still make a valuable contribution to a project. Undertake small, tactical, iterative user research activities throughout the course of the project. Focus your efforts on the areas of greatest impact, and produce documentation that your project team can understand and use efficiently.
Note: Original article is in English.
Available Translations:
English at www.uxmatters.com/mt/archives/2008/05/bite-sized-ux-research.php

Είμαι ένας Αρχιτέκτονας της Πληροφορίας (Am I an IA?) Microsoft Word Document (3/2007)
Subject: Education & Training, Information Architecture - Education & Training, Information Architecture - General
Language: Greek
Abstract: Many people have asked themselves this question. We often find ourselves alone at the office wondering why we can’t fit into any specific department or, after so many evaluations, feel like we’re just not doing what it is that we really want to. The questions listed in this document may help you. Once you have completed the form we will recommend some steps that you can take to further your interests, find support and join a community of like-minded people.
Note: Translated from English

Τι είναι Αρχιτεκτονική Πληροφοριών (What is IA?) Microsoft Word Document (3/2007)
Subject: Education & Training, Information Architecture - Education & Training, Information Architecture - General
Language: Greek
Abstract: The Information Architecture Institute is an international organization committed to advancing and promoting the practice of information architecture. We define information architecture as the art and science of organizing and labeling websites, intranets, online communities and software to support usability. As information proliferates exponentially, usability is becoming the critical success factor for websites and software applications. Good IA lays the necessary groundwork for an information system that makes sense to users.
Note: Translated from English.
Available Translations:
Español at iainstitute.org/es/docomentos/Cual_es_un_AI.pdf
Português at iainstitute.org/documents/translations/pt/What-is-IA-PT-BR.doc

10 Questions About Information Architecture
by Shel Kimen (9/23/2003)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: English
Abstract: Defining Information Architecture

A Taxonomy Primer
by Amy J. Warner (2002)
Subject: Classification, Controlled Vocabularies, Thesauri
Language: English
Abstract: An introductory article discussing when and how to use controlled vocabularies in the development of information architectures.

A User-Centered Approach to Designing a New Top-Level Structure for a Large and Diverse Corporate Web Site
by Wayne Neale, Prasad Prabhu, Jack Yu (1998)
Subject: User Centered Design
Language: English
Abstract: This paper describes the user-centered approach utilized in the design of Kodak's web site. The authors discovered that combining the knowledge gained from a variety of data collection methods was critical to understanding and defining web site user requirements. An online preview and survey were useful tools for assessing user acceptance of the new designs.

A Web 2.0 Tour for the Enterprise
by Shiv Singh (8/23/2006)
Subject: Business Strategy, Social Context
Language: English
Abstract: While Web 2.0 sweeps the internet buzz machine, businesses are a bit slower to pick up the new paradigm. Shiv Singh shows how taking the leap and embracing the collaborative nature of Web 2.0 can provide great rewards.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Adding Search to Your Site
by Avi Rappoport (2000)
Subject: Search Technology, Searching
Language: English
Abstract: This article explains how to prepare you site for a search engine and what features to look for in a search engine. It covers such topics as the difference between remote and local search, how to get your site indexed, search forms and displaying search results.

Am I An Information Architect? PDF Document (3/20/2007)
Subject: Education & Training, Information Architecture - Education & Training, Information Architecture - General
Language: English
Abstract: Many people have asked themselves this question. We often find ourselves alone at the office wondering why we can’t fit into any specific department or, after so many evaluations, feel like we’re just not doing what it is that we really want to. The questions listed in this document may help you. Once you have completed the form we will recommend some steps that you can take to further your interests, find support and join a community of like-minded people.
Available Translations:
Español at iainstitute.org/es/docomentos/Soy_un_AI.pdf
Nederlands at iainstitute.org/nl/translations/ben_ik_een_informatiearchitect.php

Am I an Information Architect? (Arabic) Microsoft Word Document
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: Arabic

Ambient Signifiers: How I Learned to Stop Getting Lost and Love Tokyo Rail
by Ross Howard (9/19/2006)
Subject: Information Architecture - General, Interface Design, Navigation
Language: English
Abstract: When navigating a complex system - be it a website or a large transport network - it is easy to get lost. Ross Howard points out how subtle signifiers can make a big difference.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

An Information Architect's Manifesto
by Peter Morville (1/30/2001)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: English
Note: Original article in English
Available Translations:
Português at iainstitute.org/pt/translations/000166.html

An Interview with Peter Morville and Lou Rosenfeld, Information Architects
by Meryl K. Evans (2002)
Subject: Expert Opinions, Information Architecture - General, Process & Techniques
Language: English
Abstract: An interview with Peter Morville and Lou Rosenfeld covering the topic of what the information architecture is, how information architecture relates to usability, and the challenges faced when constructing a successful information architecture.

An Open-Source Conference: BarCamp
by Anders Ramsay (2/12/2006)
Subject: Conferences & Meetings
Language: English
Abstract: The BarCamp un-conference recently held in New York City featured presenters as participants and participants as planners. This community-developed event provided the opportunity for open-source supporters to share their newest ideas as well as float in-progress concepts. Read more about this unconventional approach to bringing together people and ideas.

Are the Product Lists on Your Site Reducing Sales? PDF Document
by Jared Spool
Subject: E-commerce, Information Design
Language: English
Abstract: This paper explores the implications of online shopping behavior in the design of e-commerce sites and their product lists.
Note: This links to a PDF document.

Arquitectura de Información: Una disciplina “de lujo” en Chile
by Malisa Gutiérrez, Javier Velasco (10/31/2003)
Subject: Business Context, Information Architecture - General
Language: Español
Abstract: Un resumen de la historia y estado actual del campo de la Arquitectura de Información en Chile.

Arquitectura de la información para la Red (Capítulo 1)
by Peter Morville, Lou Rosenfeld (8/2002)
Subject: Business Strategy, Human Computer Interaction, Information Architecture - General
Language: Español
Note: Translated from English. Chapter 1, 3ed. is identical to Chapter 1, 2ed.
Available Translations:
English at iainstitute.org/translations/morville-rosenfeld_chapter1.pdf
Italiano at iainstitute.org/translations/morville-rosenfeld_capitolo1.pdf

Arquitetura de Informação Internacional
by Peter Morville (7/28/2003)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: Português
Abstract: Conectar pessoas de diversas disciplinas, países e culturas é uma guia estratégica, não somente para a IAI, mas também para a comunidade de Arquitetura de Informação como um todo. Nossa vantagem competitiva origina-se de nossa grande habilidade em construir pontes e aumentar redes de relacionamento.
Available Translations:
English at www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/2880467314/theasilomarin-20

Becoming an Information Architect
by Sacha Cohen (1999)
Subject: Information Architecture - Job Skills
Language: English
Abstract: An interview with Mattie Langenberg, principal of the Chicago-based Schema Studios, and Creative Director Michael Brooks about the field of information architecture and what it takes to succeed as an information architect. This is one of the first articles noted in the literature about what an Information Architect does. The original article is no longer available on Monster.com and we have been unable to locate Sacha Cohen or another version of this interview outside archive.org. Read for a fascinating look at a career alternative that was new in 1999.

Ben ik een informatiearchitect? (3/2007)
Subject: Education & Training, Information Architecture - Education & Training, Information Architecture - General
Language: Nederlands
Note: Original in English
Available Translations:
English at iainstitute.org/documents/learn/Am_I_an_IA.pdf

Best Practices and Future Visions for Search User Interfaces: Position Paper PDF Document
by David G. Hendry (2003)
Subject: Searching
Language: English
Abstract: The author argues that progress in search requires vigorous inquiry into how search can be embedded into application environments such as those for decision-making, personal information collecting, and designing.
Note: This links to a PDF document.

Beyond Bookmarks: Schemes for Organizing the Web
by Gerry McKiernan (2001)
Subject: Classification Systems
Language: English
Abstract: A clearinghouse of web sites that have applied or adopted standard classification schemes or controlled vocabularies to organize or provide enhanced access to Internet resources.

Bite-Sized UX Research
by Steve Baty (5/7/2008)
Subject: Research Methods, User Testing
Language: English
Abstract: If you don’t have the resources of a large UX team, with the budgets and timelines to undertake the ideal user-centered design (UCD) or activity-centered design process, you can still make a valuable contribution to a project. Undertake small, tactical, iterative user research activities throughout the course of the project. Focus your efforts on the areas of greatest impact, and produce documentation that your project team can understand and use efficiently.
Note: English is the language of the original article.
Available Translations:
Chinese at iainstitute.org/cn/translations/BiteSizedUX_Chinese_20100113.doc

Bottoms Up: Designing Complex, Adaptive Systems
by Peter Morville (2002)
Subject: Controlled Vocabularies, Faceted Classification
Language: English
Abstract: Explores how the reductionism trend makes for in-cohesive sites. Discusses the use of a bottom-up rather than a top-down approach to information architecture design to make your Web site whole.

Boxes and Arrows: Defining Information Architecture Deliverables
by Christina Wodtke (2001)
Subject: Guidelines & Best Practices
Language: English
Abstract: This article looks at the seven typical deliverable produced as documentation by an information architect. Deliverables covered include the conceptual model, content inventory and organization, user flows/scenarios, task analysis, site map, page architecture, and decision tables. For each, Christina provides an explanation, an example and a brief description of who uses it during the design process and when.

Bring Your Personas to Life!
by Zef Fugaz (11/14/2006)
Subject: Information Architecture - Practices, Personas
Language: English
Abstract: Method acting can take your personas from the page to the stage. Think beyond traditional practice to give emotional life to your personas.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Card sorting: a definitive guide
by Donna Maurer, Todd Warfel (4/7/2004)
Subject: Card Sorting
Language: English
Abstract: An in-depth explanation of using card-sorting as a technique to identify information categories and labels.

Change Architecture: Bringing IA to the Business Domain
by Bob Goodman (3/14/2006)
Subject: Business Strategy, Information Architecture - General
Language: English
Abstract: As information architects, we are not just architecting information; we are using information to architect change. Bob Goodman shows us how we can use business and management techniques to help us be more effective agents of change.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Change It Up!
by Mandy Lowey (1/16/2006)
Subject: Content Management, Information Organization, Interface Design
Language: English
Abstract: Not every upgrade comes with a big budget, so you have to work with what you have. Here are a couple of ways you can work with an existing UI to give it a new look and a new function.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Check It Twice: The B&A Staff Reveals the Way They Make Lists
by Staff Boxes and Arrows (1/16/2006)
Subject: Information Organization
Language: English
Abstract: Holiday lists, to-do lists, grocery lists. With the end of the year come the holidays, and holidays are usually a time for making lists. Take a look into the process (and obsessions) of list-making from our staff.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Clarifying Search: A User-Interface Framework for Text Searches
by Don Byrd, W. Bruce Croft, Ben Schneiderman (1997)
Subject: Interface Design, Searching
Language: English
Abstract: This paper proposes a new framework for the user interface design of text searches. The purpose is to improve users' learning rate, comprehension, and task control.

Classificazioni per il Web. I vantaggi dell'adozione di schemi a faccette
by Vittorio Marino (2/2004)
Subject: Classification Systems, Faceted Classification, Findability
Language: Italiano
Abstract: Dopo aver esplorato i principali modelli di classificazione elaborati dalla biblioteconomia, l'articolo si sofferma sulla classificazione a faccette (Faceted Classification), illustrandone le possibili applicazioni al web e i gli indubbi vantaggi che ne derivano.

Co to jest architektura informacji? (What is IA?) Microsoft Word Document (3/2007)
Subject: Education & Training, Information Architecture - Education & Training, Information Architecture - General
Language: Polish
Abstract: Instytut Architektury Informacji jest organizacją międzynarodową zaangażowaną we wspieranie i promowanie praktyki architektury informacji (AI).

AI definiujemy jako sztukę oraz naukę organizowania i etykietowania stron internetowych, intranetowych, społeczeństw sieciowych i oprogramowania w celu wspierania użyteczności.

W czasach gdy informacja rozprzestrzenia się bardzo szeroko użyteczność staje się decydującym czynnikiem zapewniającym sukces stronom internetowym i aplikacjom. Dobra architektura informacji kładzie niezbędne podstawy dla systemu informacyjnego, który jest logiczny dla użytkowników.
Note: Translated from English
Available Translations:
Español at iainstitute.org/es/docomentos/Cual_es_un_AI.pdf

Cognitive Psychology & IA: From Theory to Practice
by Jason Withrow (2003)
Subject: Cognitive Science, Information Design, User Centered Design
Language: English
Abstract: This article explores the commonalities between cognitive psychology and information architecture. The four topics of mental categories, visual perception, memory, and learning are examined in detail.

Communicating Complex Ideas
by Alex Kirtland (5/31/2006)
Subject: Cognitive Science, Social Context
Language: English
Abstract: Can prediction markets be used successfully in a corporate environment? Kirtland forecasts that making them easier to use just might be the key. Through simple guidelines, he shares strategies for benefiting the wise crowds.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Connecting the Dots of User Experience, Journal of IA PDF Document
by Gianluca Brugnoli (4/2009)
Subject: Case Studies, Experience Design, Information Architecture - General
Language: English
Abstract: The article presents a point of view about analyzing and designing the user experience within pervasive networks made of distributed services and applications, where the user is the primary actor who freely and opportunistically connects and activates the system components following an activity-driven process. A digital content case study is used to outline the main characteristics of this scenario and to introduce a tool for user experience modelling and designing. From the application of this model are proposed some considerations about how the design process could change to support this vision.

Cos'è l'Architecttura Dell'Informazione (Capitolo 1) PDF Document
by Peter Morville, Lou Rosenfeld (8/2002)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: Italiano
Note: Translated from English.
Chapter 1, 3ed. is identical to Chapter 1, 2ed.
Available Translations:
English at iainstitute.org/translations/morville-rosenfeld_chapter1.pdf
Español at iainstitute.org/es/translations/arquitectura_de_la_informacion_para_la_red_capitulo_1.php

Czy jestem architektem informacji? Microsoft Word Document (3/20/2007)
Subject: Education & Training, Information Architecture - Education & Training, Information Architecture - General
Language: Polish
Abstract: Wielu ludzi zadaje sobie to pytanie. Siedząc czasem w biurze zastanawiamy się dlaczego nie pasujemy do żadnego oddziału firmy lub, po wielu ocenach czujemy, że w zasadzie nie robimy tego co byśmy chcieli. Poniższe pytania mogą Ci pomóc. Wystarczy, że raz wypełnisz formularz my zaproponujemy Ci następne kroki, aby wyjść naprzeciw Twoim zainteresowaniom, pomożemy nawiązać kontakt z ludźmi myślącymi podobnie.
Note: This is a Polish translation of the original article, "Am I an Information Architect?"
Available Translations:
Español at iainstitute.org/es/docomentos/Soy_un_AI.pdf

Czym jest architektura informacji? (Rozdział 1) PDF Document
by Peter Morville, Lou Rosenfeld (8/2002)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: Polish
Note: Translated from English. Chapter 1, 3ed. is identical to Chapter 1, 2ed.

Defining Information Architecture
by Peter Morville (2000)
Subject: Conferences & Meetings, Information Architecture - Practices
Language: English
Abstract: Discusses the ASIS Summit 2000, which was the first large-scale gathering of the community of information architects and the attempts to define the field of information architecture.
Available Translations:
Bulgarian at iainstitute.org/documents/translations/bg/Definition_IA.doc
Romanian at iainstitute.org/translations/Definitia-Arhitecturii-de-Informatie-2002-ro.html

Definitia Arhitecturii de Informatie
by Peter Morville (11/14/2002)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: Romanian
Available Translations:
English at argus-acia.com/strange_connections/strange001.html

Depth vs Breadth in the Arrangement of Web Links
by Lianaeli Mtei, Panayiotis Zaphiris (1997)
Subject: Information Seeking Behavior
Language: English
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of depth and breadth of web site structure on the user response time.

Designing for Information Foragers: A Behavioral Model for Information Seeking on the World Wide Web
by James Kalbach (2000)
Subject: Information Science, Information Seeking Behavior, User Centered Design
Language: English
Abstract: This paper explains and elaborates a behavioral model for understanding how people look for information on the Web. The first half briefly reviews a wide range key research to provide a broader context for understanding human information seeking behavior and a starting point for further exploration. The second part proposes a model for organizing design ideas based on this research.

Designing for Search Engines and Stars
by Shirley E. Kaiser (2001)
Subject: Web Design
Language: English
Abstract: A tutorial on designing web sites for optimal search engine placement. Issues such as splash pages, site navigation, Flash, JavaScript, frames, PDFs, and META tags are covered.

Designing Site Navigation
by Dmitri Kirsanov (1997)
Subject: Navigation
Language: English
Abstract: Even with the best possible design of any single page, your site will fail to attract visitors if not equipped with a neat, consistent, and intuitive navigational interface. This article addresses the main issues designers confront when building effective navigation tools.

Designing Web Applications
by Margaret M. Meehan, Hal Shubin (1997)
Subject: Interaction Design, Navigation, User Centered Design
Language: English
Abstract: This paper discusses several common navigational problems and techniques for avoiding them in designing Web applications. Although the focus is on applications rather than on purely informational sites, you can use these guidelines for designing anything on the Web.

Do You Hear What I Hear?: Or Why It May Not Matter That Users Still Ignore Breadcrumbs
by Kath Straub (10/2004)
Subject: Breadcrumbs
Language: English
Abstract: A review of recent research on breadcrumb navigation.

Dogmas are Meant to Be Broken: An Interview with Eric Reiss
by Liz Danzico
Subject: Information Architecture - General, User Centered Design
Language: English
Abstract: Is there a need for a Strunk and White of usability principles? Boxes and Arrows talks with Eric Reiss about sites designed by the neighbor kid, how we did not get Web 1.0 right, and the Web Dogma of 2006.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Effective View Navigation PDF Document
by George W. Furnas (11/26/1996)
Subject: Information Scent, Navigation
Language: English
Abstract: In view navigation a user moves about an information structure by selecting something in the current view of the structure. This paper explores the implications of rudimentary requirements for effective view navigation, namely that, despite the vastness of an information structure, the views must be small, moving around must not take too many steps and the route to any target must be discoverable.

Enterprise Information Architecture: A Semantic and Organizational Foundation
by Tom Reamy (11/28/2006)
Subject: Business Strategy, Information Architecture - Education & Training, Information Architecture - General
Language: English
Abstract: People disagree on what happens when IAs grow up, but Tom Reamy knows. He offers a foundation for information architecture as it advances, grappling with problems across the enterprise.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Euristiche per l'architettura dell'informazione
by Luca Rosati (2/2006)
Subject: Evaluation & Analysis, Guidelines & Best Practices, Standards & Guidelines
Language: Italiano
Abstract: Intese soprattutto come strumento di progettazione, queste linee guida possono funzionare anche come griglia di analisi di progetti già esistenti. Distinguono 2 livelli di progettazione e analisi: macro-architettura e micro-architettura.

Evaluating Information Architecture
by Steve Toub (2000)
Subject: Expert Opinions, Guidelines & Best Practices, Process & Techniques
Language: English
Abstract: This white paper explores the why's, what's, and how's of evaluating a web site's information architecture. It aims to raise consciousness about the evaluation of IA and to provide: 1) Web site owners and other decision-makers with an understanding of evaluation issues; and 2) Information architects with a synthesis of evaluation techniques.

Experience Design Strategy - Semantic Foundry
Subject: Design, Experience Design
Language: English
Abstract: Will Evans posted this link on the iai-members board in response to a request to understand the stages in an IA project. Will cautions that it is not pure IA because it does not account for things like user research, personas, content strategy and content analysis (for the diagram you see - those things were already done, so it was all rolled up into Discovery), but it does highlight some things.

Extending the Warwick Framework
by Ron Daniel, Jr., Carl Lagoze (1997)
Subject: Metadata
Language: English
Abstract: This paper presents "Distributed Active Relationships" (an extension of the Warwick Framework), a general framework for dealing with meta data issues in digital libraries and other information systems. By treating meta data as data, rather than giving it a special distinguished role, arbitrary resources are allowed to be associated with arbitrary relationships.

Extracting Value from Automated Classification Tools: the Role of Manual Involvement and Controlled Vocabularies
by Kat Hagedorn (2001)
Subject: Classification, Indexing, Software
Language: English
Abstract: Automated classification tools can't solve today's large-scale web and intranet indexing challenges alone. Neither can humans. But solutions that integrate human expertise with software products such as Interwoven's Metatagger and Autonomy's Categorizer can provide real value and savings. After a brief introduction to automated classification, this white paper discusses the benefits and limitations of manual, automated, and hybrid approaches. It explores the opportunities for leveraging controlled vocabularies and thesauri to produce more effective indexing solutions.

FaceTag: Integrating Bottom-up and Top-down Classification in a Social Tagging System PDF Document
by Emanuele Quintarelli, Andrea Resmini, Luca Rosati (9/30/2006)
Subject: Faceted Classification, Information Retrieval, Social Context
Language: English
Abstract: FaceTag is a working prototype of a semantic collaborative tagging tool conceived for bookmarking information architecture resources. It aims to show how the flat keywords space of user-generated tags can be effectively mixed with a richer faceted classification scheme to improve the system information architecture. Facets constitute an adaptive classification system capable to represent both a knowledge in movement (like that of collaborative environments) and several mental models at the same time. The blend of tags and facets is able to empower the information scent and berrypicking capabilities of the system.

Faceted classification for community services using CRG standard categories PDF Document
by Claudio Gnoli, Maria Elisabetta Lai, Luca Rosati, Luca Rosati, Luca Rosati, Luca Rosati, Luca Rosati, Luca Rosati, Luca Rosati, Luca Rosati, Luca Rosati, Luca Rosati (7/6/2005)
Subject: Case Studies, Controlled Vocabularies, Experience Design, Faceted Classification, Findability, Information Architecture - Theory
Language: English
Abstract: Faceted classification is increasingly considered as a tool in non-traditional knowledge organization contexts, such as knowledge management and information architecture. These new applications, however, are rarely based on the full theory of facet analysis as developed by Ranganathan and the CRG (Classification Research Group). In this paper we report the creation of a faceted scheme to organize Web resources concerning regional community services, including remote management of cases (e- government).

Faceted Metadata for Image Search and Browsing PDF Document
by Marti Hearst, Kevin Li, Kirsten Swearingen, Ka-Ping Yee (2003)
Subject: Searching
Language: English
Abstract: The authors present a new method of image searching based on conceptual descriptors. This method differs from the traditional methods of image searching that are based on keywords and visual similarity.
Note: This links to a PDF document.

Facets & Controlled Vocabularies
by Karl Fast, Fred Leise, Mike Steckel (2002)
Subject: Controlled Vocabularies, Faceted Classification
Language: English
Abstract: The authors present a comprehensive overview of faceted classifications and controlled vocabularies.

Facets in your Future
by Bob Doyle (6/8/2004)
Subject: Faceted Classification
Language: English
Abstract: A faceted alternative to fixed-hierarchy, single-taxonomy, directory-style websites.

Faucet Facets: A Few Best Practices for Designing Multifaceted Navigation Systems
by Jeffrey Veen (2002)
Subject: Faceted Browsing, Faceted Classification
Language: English
Abstract: Jeffrey Veen discusses the best practices for designing navigation systems for architectures based on faceted classification in the areas of facet selection, winnowing interaction, and results rendering. Examples are included for each.

Folksonomies - Cooperative Classification and Communication Through Shared Metadata
by Adam Mathes (12/2004)
Subject: Classification
Language: English
Abstract: An explanation of folksonomies, with examples from Flickr and del.icio.us.

Four Modes of Seeking Information and How to Design for Them
by Donna Maurer (3/14/2006)
Subject: Information Seeking Behavior
Language: English
Abstract: Information-seeking behavior varies from situation to situation. Donna Mauer explores different ways in which users look for information and offers tactics for accommodating them.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

From Data to Wisdom: An Interview with Paco Underhill
by Liz Danzico (11/28/2006)
Subject: Cognitive Science, Information Seeking Behavior, Research Methods
Language: English
Abstract: How can the simple act of watching people make better products? Paco Underhill, the foremost expert in behavior market research, talks about the pyramid of knowledge, worshipping at the altar of the CEO, and the need to supersize or specialize.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

From E-Sex to E-Commerce: Web Search Strategies PDF Document
by Bernard J. Jansen, Tefko Saracevic, Amanda Spink, Dietmar Wolfram (2002)
Subject: Searching
Language: English
Abstract: The authors examine the idea that human information needs and searching behaviors are evolving along with Web content.
Note: This links to a PDF document.

Glossario di Architettura dell'Informazione
by Kat Hagedorn (3/2000)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: Italiano
Abstract: Glossario di Architettura dell'Informazione preparati per Argus Associates da Kat Hagedorn, Marzo 2000. Traduzione di Barbara Wiel Marin, 15 Dicembre 2009.
Available Translations:
English at argus-acia.com/white_papers/iaglossary.html

Good Information Architecture Increases Online Sales
by Ivan Walsh (2003)
Subject: Business Strategy, E-commerce
Language: English
Abstract: This article explains how information architecture can impact the sales process, and how and effective information architecture can help a site flourish.

Guiding Principles for Providing "Remember Me" Personalization
by Meg Peters (6/12/2006)
Subject: Business Context, Personalization & Customization
Language: English
Abstract: Catering to the unique needs of each customer is the dream of any business. Technology can help us get there but we need to know how to please users without intruding their privacy. This article presents a set of guiding principles for personalization design.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Hiding in Plain Sight: An Interview with Adam Greenfield
by Staff Boxes and Arrows (3/14/2006)
Subject: Human Computer Interaction, Social Context
Language: English
Abstract: Is everyware overwriting what we know as everyday? On the heels of finishing his first book, Adam Greenfield talks with Boxes and Arrows about Everyware: The Dawning Age of Ubiquitous Computing and how the concepts are reshaping our lives.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

How to Make a Faceted Classification and Put It On the Web
by William Denton (11/2003)
Subject: Faceted Classification
Language: English
Abstract: Describes when to use faceted classification on web sites and provides instruction for creating a faceted classification system.

I'm Feeling Lucky : The Role of Emotions in Seeking Information on the Web PDF Document
by James Kalbach (2003)
Subject: Information Seeking Behavior
Language: English
Abstract: Absent from current web design theory and practice is a pattern for emotive criticism. This article outlines a framework for understanding users' emotional states as they seek information on the web. It is inspired largely by Carol Kuhlthau's (1991, 1993, 1999) work in library services, which is adapted to web-based search systems.

IA再考
by Jesse James Garrett (2002)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: Japanese
Abstract: 2001年のIAサミットを境にIAの理論と実践についてIAコミュニティでかつてない議論が起こりました。この6つの章からなるエッセイは、IAの今までとそしてこれからどこへ向かっていくべきなのか論争に終止符を打つべくJJGが書き上げた渾身のエッセイです。
Available Translations:
English at www.jjg.net/ia/recon/

IA, Therefore I Am
by James Kalbach (2003)
Subject: Information Architecture - General, Library & Information Science
Language: English
Abstract: The relationship between IA and librarianship, however, is of particular interest. With only a blurry line separating the two fields, many practicing IAs find themselves asking "Is IA the same as librarianship, only in digital environments and with a hipper name?" Likewise, librarians who come in contact with IA may ask "How is what I do not IA?" At the highest level, both seek to match an information need with an information resource. Both also share a strong responsibility for effectively finding and using information with a strong focus on organization and classification. But, significant distinctions can be made, which in part point to the need for IA and justify its existence.

IA/Recon
by Jesse James Garrett (2002)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: English
Abstract: A six-part essay on the information architecture community, where we are, and where we're going.
Available Translations:
Japanese at iainstitute.org/ja/translations/000305.html

Icon Analysis
by Steve Queen (7/24/2006)
Subject: Cognitive Science, Interface Design, Visual Design
Language: English
Abstract: Icons that are difficult to tell apart can lead to disastrous consequences. Queen shows us how studying the way the human visual system encodes information can lead to more effective icon design.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Indicizzazione semantica nell'era digitale
by Claudio Gnoli (10/7/2002)
Subject: Faceted Classification, Indexing, Library & Information Science
Language: Italiano
Abstract: Dal punto di vista teorico, uno strumento di indicizzazione per soggetto rigoroso e coerente possiede un indubbio valore, di gran lunga superiore rispetto alle applicazioni di information retrieval più brutali, basate sulla semplice corrispondenza tra parole cercate e parole presenti nei documenti. Ma allora perché l'indicizzazione per soggetto è ancora così poco praticata?

Information Architecture
by R.E. Wyllys (2000)
Subject: Information Architecture - General, Information Design, Library & Information Science
Language: English
Abstract: This lesson from the University of Texas at Austin discusses ideas associated with the phrase "information architecture" and relates them to aspects of the library- and information-science (LIS) professions.

Information Architecture and Business Strategy
by Peter Morville (8/30/2000)
Subject: Business Strategy
Language: English
Abstract: Explains how to leverage the relationship between information architecture and business strategy to achieve competitive advantage.

Information Architecture Defined
by Christina Wodtke (12/12/2000)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: English
Abstract: A simple, colloquial explanation of IA, in the quirky eleganthack style. Interesting for the "west coast IA" sitemaps and wireframes approach, which would eventually be much more tightly and richly defined later. A period piece.

Information Architecture for Ubiquitous Ecologies
by Andrea Resmini, Luca Rosati (2009)
Subject: Experience Design, Information Architecture - Practices
Language: English
Abstract: In this paper, we describe how crossmediality and bridge experiences are playing a major role in redefining the goals and scope of information architecture as a strategic practice and discipline for the successful design of user experiences, and propose a seven point manifesto for a holistic approach to the design of digital – physical human information interactions as ubiquitous ecologies.
Note: Proceedings of the International Conference on Management of Emergent Digital EcoSystems (Lyon 2009).

Information Architecture Glossary
by Kat Hagedorn (2000)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: English
Abstract: This glossary is intended to foster development of a shared vocabulary within the new and rapidly evolving field of information architecture. It should serve as a valuable reference for anyone involved with or interested in the design of information architectures for web sites, intranets and other information systems.
Note: Original translation is in English.
Available Translations:
Italiano at iainstitute.org/it/translations/001062.php

Information Architecture Meets Usability
by Bruce Stewart (2003)
Subject: Expert Opinions, Information Architecture - General, User Centered Design
Language: English
Abstract: An O'Reilly interview with Lou Rosenfeld and Steve Krug about their jointly held seminars and the common pitfalls of web usability and information architecture.

Information Architecture of the Shopping Cart
by Sarah Bidigare (2000)
Subject: E-commerce, Information Architecture - Theory
Language: English
Abstract: This white paper explores the principles of design for process-oriented information architectures by illustrating the best practices in the design of e-commerce ordering systems commonly referred to as "shopping carts."

Information Architecture Tutorial
by John Shiple (11/9/1998)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: English
Abstract: This article is an introduction to the field of information architecture. Five lessons are given in goal definition, audiences and competitors, site content, site structure, and visual design.

Information Foraging
by Stuart K. Card, Peter Pirolli (1999)
Subject: Classics, Information Retrieval, Information Seeking Behavior
Language: English
Abstract: Information Foraging Theory is an approach to understanding how strategies and technologies for information seeking, gathering, and consumption are adapted to the flux of information in the environment. The theory assumes that people, when possible, will modify their strategies or the structure of the environment to maximize their rate of gaining valuable information.

Information interaction: providing a framework for information architecture
by Elaine G. Toms (8/2002)
Subject: Information Architecture - Theory
Language: English
Abstract: Information interaction is the process that people use in interacting with the content of an information system. Information architecture is a blueprint and navigational aid to the content of information-rich systems. As such information architecture performs an important supporting role in information interactivity. This article elaborates on a model of information interactivity that crosses the "no-man's land" between user and computer articulating a model that includes user, content and system, illustrating the context for information architecture.
Note: This link is to the bibliography

Information Seeking on the Web: An Integrated Model of Browsing and Searching
by Chun Wei Choo, Brian Detlor, Don Turnbull (2000)
Subject: Searching
Language: English
Abstract: This paper presents findings from a study of how knowledge workers use the Web to seek external information as part of their daily work.

Innovation in Classification
by Peter Merholz (2001)
Subject: Faceted Classification
Language: English
Abstract: This article addresses two aspects of classification: innovation and faceted classification. Includes links to additional online resources involving classification.

Interaction Modeling
by Steve Queen (2/12/2006)
Subject: Interaction Design
Language: English
Abstract: Interaction modeling makes design decisions explicit. In principle it is simple: record what users should do, what they actually do, and then explain the differences between the two. Of course there is more to it than that, and Matt Queen gives us all the details in this story.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

International Information Architecture
by Peter Morville (7/14/2003)
Subject: Information Architecture - General, Social Context
Language: English
Abstract: Connecting people from diverse disciplines, countries and cultures is a strategic imperative, not only for AIfIA but for the information architecture community as a whole. Our competitive advantage derives from our very ability to build bridges and span networks. This argument alone should provide ample incentive for us to nurture an international perspective within the practice, but there are all sorts of idiosyncratic reasons why information architects should reach across borders.

Interview with Louis Rosenfeld and Peter Morville
by Scott Hill (2000)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: English
Abstract: An O'Reilly interview with Peter Morville and Lou Rosenfeld about their book, Information Architecture for the World Wide Web, their work, and the field of information architecture.

Introducción a la Arquitectura de Información
by Javier Velasco (2001)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: Español
Abstract: Una introducción a la profesión, escrita por el Arquitecto de Información chileno Javier Velasco.

Introducing User-Centered Design to an E-Government Software Development Company
by Peter Boersma (3/2005)
Subject: User Centered Design
Language: English
Abstract: Describes the author's creation of a user experience methodology (StUX) based upon IBM's rational unified process (RUP).

Is Navigation Useful?
by Jakob Nielsen (2000)
Subject: Navigation
Language: English
Abstract: This article addresses common aspects of navigation, including generic links, structural navigation, local navigation, and information structure.

Journeys, Needs, and Trust: A Volkswagen Case Study
by Jason Hobbs (8/23/2006)
Subject: Business Strategy, Case Studies, Experience Design
Language: English
Abstract: How do you establish trust and meaning for a dedicated and passionate audience, and do it across all media? Jason Hobbs gives a tour of creating a website for Volkswagen.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Know Your Place
by Nathan Curtis (5/10/2006)
Subject: Information Architecture - Practices, Wireframes
Language: English
Abstract: Popular wireframing tools allow for reuse of repeated elements: change a centralized module once and have it update across all your screens. Nathan Curtis offers practical tips for increasing wireframing efficiency in this story.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Knowledge at Your Fingertips
by Arun Martin (4/2010)
Subject: Knowledge Management
Language: English
Abstract: If you ever wondered, What is a Knowledge Base? Read this article.

La arquitectura de la información del siglo XX al XXI
by Jesús Bustamante (12/18/2002)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: Español
Abstract: Resumen de la historia reciente de la Arquitectura de Información, comenzando en la decada de 1970.

La classificazione a faccette per la gestione documentale
by Luca Rosati (10/12/2004)
Subject: Faceted Classification, Findability, Metadata
Language: Italiano
Abstract: L'articolo illustra come come sia possibile integrare uno schema di metadati di tipo descrittivo (come il Dublin Core Element Set) con uno schema di classificazione a faccette (che sfrutti le categorie standard del Classification Research Group).

La classificazione come investimento nella qualità dell'informazione
by Claudio Gnoli (5/2003)
Subject: Faceted Classification, Indexing, Library & Information Science
Language: Italiano
Abstract: La classificazione rappresenta un investimento che comporta dei costi nel breve termine, ma che dà anche notevoli frutti nel lungo termine (se impostata correttamente). Fra i sistemi di classificazione, quello a faccette (o multidimensionale) è sicuramente il più potente e versatile (nonostante gli schemi affermatisi come standard nella maggioranza delle biblioteche sono assai distanti da quello a faccette).

La classificazione per la pubblica amministrazione. Un riepilogo
by Simone Fuchs, Claudio Gnoli, Lai M. Elisabetta, Luca Rosati (10/2006)
Subject: Case Studies, Faceted Classification, Findability
Language: Italiano
Abstract: Trovabile si è interessato a più riprese del problema della classificazione per i servizi al cittadino della Pubblica Amministrazione, riportando anche il caso di studio di un progetto di classificazione a faccette per l’Amministrazione piemontese.

Location, Path & Attribute Breadcrumbs
by Keith Instone (2003)
Subject: Breadcrumbs, Guides & Collections
Language: English
Abstract: A collection of resources from Keith Instone on location, path & attribute breadcrumbs including a one page example for each type of breadcrumb, a PDF for the 2002 IA Summit Poster, and a "Open Discussion on Web Navigation" presentation. Also included are links to research on the topic.

Long Tails and Short Queries: An Interview with Amanda Spink
by Staff Boxes and Arrows (10/16/2006)
Subject: Information Architecture - General, Searching
Language: English
Abstract: Amanda Spink talks with Christina Wodtke on why searchers still cannot ask a useful question of a search engine, and how Google may be part of the problem rather than part of the solution.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Lou Rosenfeld Eats his own Dog Food
by Liz Danzico (1/16/2006)
Subject: Design, Experience Design
Language: English
Abstract: What does the publishing industry have in common with your 10 am design review with the client? More than you might think. Louis Rosenfeld reveals that the process of becoming a publisher is much like a product development process.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Making Cents from Information Architecture
by Alan K'necht (2003)
Subject: Business Context, Business Strategy, Information Architecture - Practices
Language: English
Abstract: Discusses the monetary cost of taking a short cut and skipping development of a sound information architecture with proper documentation for later reference.

Metaphors We Surf the Web By PDF Document
by Paul P. Maglio, Teenie Matlock (1998)
Subject: Information Seeking Behavior
Language: English
Abstract: The way people think about the World-Wide Web (WWW) has implications for the way that they navigate it. In this paper, we discuss the nature of people’s metaphorical conception of the WWW, as gathered from interviews with beginning and experienced web users. Based on linguistic data, we argue that people naturally think of the web as a kind of physical space in which they move, although information on the web is not physical, and web users do not actually move. Nevertheless, such metaphorical thought is motivated by the same basic image schemata that people rely on to mentally structure everyday life.

Metrics for Heuristics: Quantifying User Experience (Part 1 of 2)
by Andrea Wiggins (10/1/2006)
Subject: Evaluation & Analysis, Information Architecture - Practices, Measurement & Research
Language: English
Abstract: Andrea Wiggins discusses how designers can use the user experience audit developed by Rubinoff to determine metrics for measuring brand.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Metrics for Heuristics: Quantifying User Experience (Part 2 of 2)
by Andrea Wiggins (10/16/2006)
Subject: Evaluation & Analysis, Information Architecture - Practices, Measurement & Research
Language: English
Abstract: In part two, Wiggins examines how web analytics can quantify usability, content, and navigation.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Mind the Gap: On the Appropriate Use of Focus Groups and Usability Testing in Planning and Evaluating Interfaces
by Kath Straub (9/2004)
Subject: Process & Techniques, User Testing
Language: English
Abstract: The value of focus groups and the most appropriate use for them is explored. For usability, testing is key, not focus groups.

Mind your phraseology!: Using controlled vocabularies to improve findability
by Christina Wodtke (8/13/2002)
Subject: Controlled Vocabularies
Language: English
Abstract: Describes what a controlled vocabulary is at its most general, and describes different types of vocabularies. Illustrates how controlled vocabularies and metadata are related. Includes many examples from the web.

O Manifesto de um Arquitecto de Informação
by Peter Morville (1/30/2001)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: Português
Note: Original article in English
Available Translations:
English at argus-acia.com/strange_connections/strange010.html

O QUE É ARQUITETURA DE INFORMAÇÃO? Microsoft Word Document (3/20/2007)
Subject: Education & Training, Information Architecture - Education & Training, Information Architecture - General
Language: Português
Note: Original in English
Available Translations:
Greek at iainstitute.org/translations/What-is-IA-Greek.doc

On Uncertainty in Information Architecture, Journal of IA PDF Document
by James Kalbach, James Kalbach (4/2009)
Subject: Information Architecture - Theory, Information Seeking Behavior, Measurement & Research
Language: English
Abstract: Uncertainty, in general, is a fundamental aspect of human activity and underlies much of our decision making. The notion of uncertainty in information seeking, in particular, dates back to Shannon and Weaver (1949) and since then has been investigated in many forms. Kulthau's (1993) work on information uncertainty is perhaps the most extensive. Through two specific examples, this article proposes uncertainty as a unifying heuristic in information architecture. Measurements of uncertainty can serve a diagnostic function in both the design and evaluation of information technologies and user interfaces.

Optimizing Conversion Rates: It's All About Usability
by Frank Puscher (5/15/2009)
Subject: Business Context, E-commerce, Education & Training
Language: English
Abstract: In eCommerce usability improvements usually have a huge impact on conversion rates. However, usability doesn’t only mean better visual guide or better site hierarchy. It also means a better communication with potential customers using a professional, trustworthy design, delivering the right information at the right time and communicating with users instead of throwing ad-slogans at them.

In this article you’ll learn what to consider when preparing a perfect landing page for your product, how to focus user’s attention on the most important parts of your sites and also how you can use videos and user ratings to improve your conversion rates.

Putting it Together: Taxonomy, Classification & Search
by Jeff Morris (2003)
Subject: Classification, Ontologies, Searching
Language: English
Abstract: The integration of taxonomy, classification, and search is covered in this article. The author reviews several possible software solutions.

Real Wireframes Get Real Results
by Stephen Turbek (9/19/2006)
Subject: Case Studies, Wireframes
Language: English
Abstract: Information architects, afraid to step on designers toes, may actually render wireframes unusable. Stephen Turbek talks about Verizon, the similarities between wireframes and iPods, and how to get real.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Scatter/gather: A cluster-based approach to browsing large document PDF Document
by D.R. Cutting, David R. Karger, J.O. Pederson, J.W. Tukey
Subject: Classics, Information Retrieval
Language: English
Abstract: Clustering as a tool for organizing large document collections. Quantitative measures for similarity between documents.

Search and You May Find
by Jakob Nielsen (1997)
Subject: Searching
Language: English
Abstract: This article addresses common aspects of search, including scoped, Boolean and advanced searches.

Searching versus Finding PDF Document
by W.A. Woods (4/5/2004)
Subject: Information Retrieval, Organization, Searching
Language: English
Abstract: Finding information and organizing information so that it can be found are two key aspects of any knowledge management strategy.

Seven Deadly Sins of Information Design
by Drue Miller (1998)
Subject: Guidelines & Best Practices, Information Design
Language: English
Abstract: Drue Miller examines what she refers to as the "Seven Deadly Sins" of information design: Forgetting who your users are, not creating a flowchart, not organizing your content, not using consistent navigation, using unclear link colors, using the TITLE tag incorrectly, and not looking ahead.

Shall We Dance?, Journal of IA PDF Document
by Dorte Madsen (3/2009)
Subject: Information Architecture - Education & Training
Language: English
Abstract: Editorial. But where is the research in information architecture? (...) You may come across research involving information architecture or relevant for information architecture, but not necessarily written with a specific purpose of developing the field of information architecture, of adding to the body of knowledge about information architecture, developing concepts for information architecture, nor in general addressing the theoretical foundations of information architecture. Now, with a Journal of Information Architecture, we have a forum where we can publish what is central to the development of the field of information architecture.

Site Navigation: A Few Helpful Definitions
by Indi Young (2002)
Subject: Navigation
Language: English
Abstract: Provides some basic definitions surrounding site navigation that will help your team with building a shared vocabulary for more effective collaboration.

Site Navigation: Keeping It Under Control
by Indi Young (2003)
Subject: Navigation
Language: English
Abstract: Discusses two rules for keeping your site navigation under control: Keeping navigation to three levels and not making product names part of navigation.

Software for Information Architects
by Peter Morville (2001)
Subject: Software
Language: English
Abstract: This article gives a broad overview of the software solutions relevant to many aspects of information architecture, including: automated classification, automated category generation, thesaurus management, collaborative filtering, portal solutions, content management, analytics, database management, and personal productivity.

Sou Um Arquiteto De Informação? Microsoft Word Document (3/20/2007)
Subject: Education & Training, Information Architecture - Education & Training, Information Architecture - General
Language: English
Note: Original in English.

Specification for Resource Description Methods. Part 3: The Role of Classification Schemes in Internet Resource Description and Discovery
by Michael Day, Traugott Koch
Subject: Faceted Classification
Language: English
Abstract: This study discusses the role of classification schemes in resource description and discovery. It recommends automatic classification processes if large robot-generated services are to offer a good browsing structure for their documents or advanced filtering techniques as well as proper query expansion tools to improve the search process.

Succeeding at IA in the enterprise
by James Robertson (6/12/2006)
Subject: Business Strategy, Information Architecture - Practices, Knowledge Management
Language: English
Abstract: The enterprise environment offers unique challenges for information architects. In this context, we need to develop skills to help us understand and model how organizations deal with information.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Taking A Content Inventory
by Janice Fraser (10/2001)
Subject: Content Inventories, Information Organization
Language: English
Abstract: Provides a methodology for auditing web site content to produce an inventory -- a tabular document that may be used in information re-architecture projects.

Ten Taxonomy Myths (2002)
Subject: Classification
Language: English
Abstract: A discussion of 10 taxonomy myths, created in part by the multi-disciplinary nature of the task and the hype surrounding content management technologies.
Note: From the Montague Institute Review.

The Age of Findability
by Peter Morville (4/29/2002)
Subject: Findability
Language: English
Abstract: Defines findability and its relationship to information architecture and usability.
Also available at: iainstitute.org/translations/000201.html

The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine PDF Document
by Sergey Brin, Lawrence Page (1998)
Subject: Information Retrieval
Language: English
Abstract: This paper presents Google, a prototype of a large-scale search engine, which makes heavy use of the structure present in hypertext. Google is designed to crawl and index the web efficiently and produce much more satisfying search results than existing systems.

The Art of Information Architecture
by Aaron West (1999)
Subject: Guidelines & Best Practices, Information Architecture - General
Language: English
Abstract: Planning and architecting a site can be one of the most daunting tasks a designer can face, yet the results are usually a better site and a smoother project. Find out how you can easily architect your site by following a few simple steps.

The Challenge of Dashboards and Portals
by Joe Lamantia (12/14/2006)
Subject: Business Strategy, Personalization & Customization, Portals
Language: English
Abstract: Can components come to the rescue for executive dashboards? Much like IKEA uses interchangeable islands, counters, and cupboards to create a custom kitchen, by Joe Lamantia shows how it is possible to use a modular approach for executive dashboards.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

The Design of Browsing and Berrypicking Techniques for the Online Search Interface
by Marcia Bates (1989)
Subject: Information Retrieval
Language: English
Abstract: The author argues for a new model of information retrieval called "berrypicking." This model attempts to be much more representative of the real behavior of information searchers than the traditional model of information retrieval.

The Elements of Style for Designers
by Christina Wodtke (7/24/2006)
Subject: Standards & Guidelines, Writing for the Web
Language: English
Abstract: What if E.B. White had written "Hanging Commas 99% Bad" instead of a gentle list of reminders for young writers? Wodtke outlines how his list of 22 reminders for writing can be just what young designers need.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

The Fundamentals of Quality Search
by Gerry McGovern (2001)
Subject: Searching
Language: English
Abstract: Explores how a web site can improve the way it allows its readers to search and provides nine guidelines for designing a search feature.

The Guided Wireframe Narrative for Rich Internet Applications
by Andres Zapata (5/10/2006)
Subject: Information Architecture - Practices, Wireframes
Language: English
Abstract: Wireframes. We have all done them. We have all had to make sure our clients look at placement, labels, flow, and real estate distribution-but ignore color and design at all costs because, after all, they are wireframes.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

The Italian and the English Model of Information Retrieval in the Governmental Websites PDF Document
by Simone Fuchs, Luca Rosati (10/15/2005)
Subject: Case Studies, Classification, Findability
Language: English
Abstract: We have analyzed the Italian and English governmental website to examine their structures and the means they propose to retrieve information. Their approach is totally different. The Italian website employs a hierarchical system which causes a lot of problems. The main reason of these complications is its inflexibility. The English one on the contrary uses an associative model, presenting various viewpoints to describe the individual service. Indeed public services are accessible by means of many different paths. As a matter of fact this kind of organization assimilates significantly the methods of Faceted Classification, which we applied suggesting an alternative way to structure a governmental website.
Note: Italian keynote at Euro IA (october 14-15, 2005, Brussells).

The Lazy IA&s Guide to Making Sitemaps
by Stephen Turbek (2/12/2006)
Subject: Information Architecture - Practices, Process & Techniques
Language: English
Abstract: The more automated our lives become, the less time we seem to have. And as an information architect, a lot of time is spent making sitemaps ... by hand. How valuable are sitemaps to a project team and to clients? Would your time be better spent doing other tasks than hand building sitemaps? What if we told you, "now you can?" Find out how.

The Machineries of Context, Journal of IA PDF Document
by Andrew Hinton (4/2009)
Subject: Information Architecture - Practices, Ontologies, Organization
Language: English
Abstract: The essay re-frames Information Architecture as designing context in the digital layer, contending that IA has always been less about organizing information than about designing architecture for a new kind of contextual space. It explores how a global network of user-created hyperlinks has changed how we experience context, and how IA practice emerged to contend with this change. In addition, the essay proposes that IA study and practice develop tools and methods that improve our understanding and methods for solving the increasingly complex design challenges brought about by this new contextual reality.

The Myth of "Seven, Plus or Minus 2"
by James Kalbach (2002)
Subject: Cognitive Science, Information Design, Navigation
Language: English
Abstract: This articles proposes that the optimal number of menu items cannot be reduced to the generalized "Magic Seven, Plus or Minus Two" (7±2). The author proposes that instead, when planning a site information architecture, the two most important considerations are breadth versus depth and the display of information.

The Problem(s) with Sitemaps
by Peter Van Dijck (1999)
Subject: Supplemental Navigation
Language: English
Abstract: Explores the problems seen in sitemaps and how to create an effective sitemap.

The Psychology of Navigation
by Jesse James Garrett (2002)
Subject: Information Architecture - Theory, Navigation
Language: English
Abstract: Jesse James Garret explores the psychology behind how users make navigational choices as they navigate through "information spaces" and how information architects can use this information when crafting the navigational experience.

The Role of Classification in Knowledge Representation and Discovery
by Barabara H. Kwasnik (7/1999)
Subject: Classification, Classification Systems, Organizational Theory
Language: English
Abstract: THE LINK BETWEEN CLASSIFICATION AND KNOWLEDGE is explored. Classification schemes have properties that enable the representation of entities and relationships in structures that reflect knowledge of the domain being classified. Examples are provided of the way in which knowledge and the classification process affect each other.
Note: Cited by Abe Crystal on AIfIA list.

The Visual Vocabulary Three Years Later: An Interview with Jesse James Garrett
by Dan Brown (2003)
Subject: Process & Techniques
Language: English
Abstract: This interview focuses on Jesse James Garret's Visual Vocabulary, a site architecture documentation standard.

Thesaurus Construction
by Tim Craven (1998)
Subject: Information Retrieval, Thesaurus Design
Language: English
Abstract: A tutorial on the basics of constructing an information retrieval thesaurus. It includes a glossary of thesaurus terms.

Toward Usable Browse Hierarchies for the Web Microsoft Word Document
by Kirsten Risden (1999)
Subject: Experience Design, Searching
Language: English
Abstract: The goal of the following study was to determine the potential usefulness of tracking traversal patterns through a browse hierarchy as a way to monitor confusion and determine its source. The major conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that this method is a useful and insightful way to monitor user experience.
Note: This links to a Microsoft Word document.

Towards a General Relation Browser: A GUI for Information Architects
by Ben Brunk, Gary Marchionini (2003)
Subject: Interface Design
Language: English
Abstract: The paper presents the case of ongoing efforts to develop and test generalizable user interfaces that provide interactive overviews for large-scale Web sites, portals, and other partitions of Web space.

Towards an Architectural Document Analysis, Journal of IA PDF Document
by Helene Francke (4/2009)
Subject: Information Architecture - Theory, Labeling, Organization
Language: English
Abstract: Information architecture (IA) and document architecture (DA) provide two, partly overlapping, perspectives on the creation of document structures. This article suggests how the architecture of a document can be analysed from these two perspectives. Literature on IA and DA has been examined in order to identify central ideas that are of relevance for analysing the architectures of digital documents. The article contains an overview of how IA and DA have been used and defined. The article shows how a model for analysing documents as sociotechnical artefacts can fruitfully draw on parts of the theoretical and practical complexes of IA and DA. The aspects that are identified as particularly important from IA are organisation systems, navigation, and labelling. From DA, logical structures, layout structures, content structures, and file structures are all applicable aspects. It is discussed how these various aspects may be interpreted in order to support an analysis of the organising principles of documents.

Transitional Volatility in Web Navigation
by David R. Danielson (6/2002)
Subject: Navigation, Research Methods
Language: English
Abstract: Danielson's Master's Thesis on Usability Metrics and User Behavior

UI Pattern Documentation Review
by Patrick Stapleton (6/29/2009)
Subject: Classification Systems, Interface Design, Patterns
Language: English
Abstract: Patrick Stapleton takes a look at some of the world’s most popular pattern libraries and presents the case for a standard approach to documentation and categorization
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Una classificazione per il 21' secolo. Principi e struttura della Classificazione bibliografica Bliss
by Vanda Broughton (2001)
Subject: Classification Systems, Faceted Classification, Library & Information Science
Language: Italiano
Abstract: L'articolo descrive il funzionamento della Classificazione Bibliografica Bliss, 2a edizione (BC2), sistema di classificazione interamente basato su uno schema a faccette, di cui Vanda Broughton è la curatrice insieme a Jack Mills.

Understanding Information Architecture
by Rudy Foster (2003)
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: English
Abstract: This introductory article gives a high-level overview of information architecture from both a theoretical and practical perspective.

Understanding Information Taxonomy Helps Build Better Apps (2003)
Subject: Classification
Language: English
Abstract: Explains the basics of taxonomies, how they fit into the broader field of information architecture and how they contribute to organized, logical applications.
Note: From builder.com.

Unified Theory of Design
by Nathan Shedroff (1994)
Subject: Information Design, Interaction Design, Visual Design
Language: English
Abstract: The author offers a design model called Information Interaction Design. The model integrates three design disciplines: Information Design, Interaction Design, and Sensorial Design.

Unraveling the Mysteries of Metadata and Taxonomies
by Samantha Bailey, Christina Wodtke (4/2002)
Subject: Classification, Information Retrieval
Language: English
Abstract: Samantha Bailey, formerly at Argus and current lead IA for Wachovia Corporation's Wachovia.com website, talks about the transition from being a consultant to an "innie" IA, unravels the mysteries of metadata and taxonomies and shares her vision of the future of IA.

Usability for Technical Writers
by Arun Martin (4/2010)
Subject: User Centered Design
Language: English
Abstract: A review By Arun Martin of a session on Usability for Technical Writers at Huawei Technologies India Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, on March 20, 2010. It was conducted by the User Research and Usability SIG of the STC India Chapter.

Usability for Technical Writers
by Arun Martin (4/2010)
Subject: User Centered Design
Language: English
Abstract: A review By Arun Martin of a session on Usability for Technical Writers at Huawei Technologies India Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, on March 20, 2010. It was conducted by the User Research and Usability SIG of the STC India Chapter.

User Experience Deliverables
by Peter Morville (1/27/2009)
Subject: Expert Opinions, Information Architecture - Practices, Interaction Design
Language: English
Abstract: This article describes twenty user experience deliverables with links to relevant resources and examples. Clearly, these artifacts of the process are not the whole story. We must also think about the relationship between goals, methods, and documents. And yet, for many of us, deliverables are the coin of the realm and merit special attention.

User-centred redesign of the FaCS intranet
by Donna Maurer (6/2004)
Subject: Case Studies, Intranets & Extranets
Language: English
Abstract: The Department of Family and Community Services applied user-centred techniques in the redevelopment of their large Government intranet, and it serves as a useful model for other organisations looking to tackle the same issues.

Using Adoption Metaphors to Increase Customer Acceptance
by Sarah Rice (7/5/2006)
Subject: Business Strategy, Cognitive Science, Writing for the Web
Language: English
Abstract: We know a product has a lifecycle, but does the language we use for that product also have a lifecycle? From TiVo to the Internet Superhighway, Rice shows us how the metaphors we use have an evoluation all their own.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Using Categories to Improve Search PDF Document
by Edward Cutrell, Susan Dumais (2003)
Subject: Interaction Design, Searching
Language: English
Abstract: The authors explore ways in which categories can be leveraged to improve search. An interface named SWISH is presented, in which search results are automatically categorized, and pages in the same category are grouped together.
Note: This links to a PDF document.

Using Wikis to Document UI Specifications
by Peter Gremett (6/29/2009)
Subject: Interface Design, Knowledge Management
Language: English
Abstract: As Agile gains momentum as a development approach of choice, documenting design becomes a challenge. Peter Gremett shows how using a wiki to capture your design is a great way to be adaptive as you build and deliver product to customers.
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Utilizing a Users Context to Improve Search Results Microsoft Word Document
by Peter Gremett (2003)
Subject: E-commerce, Experience Design, Searching
Language: English
Abstract: This paper describes some design practices for providing a scoped search interface for an e-commerce site.
Note: This links to a Microsoft Word document.

Visio Replacement? You Be the Judge: An Introduction to the Newest Simulation Tools
by Scott McDowell (11/14/2006)
Subject: Software, Tools & Technology
Language: English
Abstract: In the same way that the Internet took us to the next level of interaction, complete with rich visuals, simulations are doing the same for application definition. McDowell explores the ins and outs of new simulation tools. Will one of them work for you?
Note: Boxes and Arrows

Wat is informatiearchitectuur? (3/2007)
Subject: Education & Training, Information Architecture - Education & Training, Information Architecture - General
Language: Nederlands
Note: Original in English
Available Translations:
English at iainstitute.org/documents/learn/What_is_IA.pdf

We Are All Connected: The Path from Architecture to Information Architecture
by Fu-Tien Chiou (2003)
Subject: Architecture - Buildings, Information Architecture - General
Language: English
Abstract: The author lays out many similarities between architecture and traditional architecture. These include form, function, design elements, design methodology, and site planning.

We are All Information Architects: Interview with Eric Reiss at Krakow Pedigogical University
by Stanislaw Skorka (1/2008)
Subject: Information Architecture - General, Information Architecture - Job Skills
Language: English
Abstract: An interview with Eric Reiss about information architecture. Addresses the issue of its definition, how to develop as an IA professional, and what fields of knowledge and skills an information architect should have.
Note: Original article in Polish.
Available Translations:
Polish at www.wsp.krakow.pl/konspekt/30/index.php?i=023

Web Navigation: Resolving Conflicts between the Desktop and the Web
by Carola Fellenz, Jarmo Parkkinen, Hal Shubin (1998)
Subject: Information Seeking Behavior
Language: English
Abstract: This paper summarizes a workshop at CHI98 that focused on navigational problems caused by differences in navigational models between the desktop and the Web.

Web Page Design: Implications of Memory, Structure and Scent for Information Retrieval
by Mary Czerwinski, Kevin Larson (1998)
Subject: Information Retrieval
Language: English
Abstract: The authors describe an experiment to see if large breadth and decreased depth is preferable, both subjectively and via performance data, while attempting to design for optimal scent throughout different structures of a web site. This work is testing the theories of Miller in his classic "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two."

Web Page Layout: A Comparison Between Left- and Right-justified Site Navigation Menus
by Tim Bosenick, James Kalbach (4/28/2003)
Subject: Primary Navigation, Web Design
Language: English
Abstract: The usability of two Web page layouts was directly compared: one with the main site navigation menu on the left of the page, and one with the main site navigation menu on the right. This research questions the current leading Web design thought that the main navigation menu should be left justified.

Web Site Architecture 101
by Rudy Limeback (1999)
Subject: Primary Navigation
Language: English
Abstract: Outlines three easy steps for determining the information architecture or navigation scheme of a site on which you are working.

What Causes Customers to Buy on Impulse? PDF Document
by Jared Spool (2001)
Subject: E-commerce, Structured Information
Language: English
Abstract: This paper studies the design elements within e-commerce sites that motivate impulse purchases online.
Note: This links to a PDF document.

What Do Web Users Do? An Empirical Analysis of Web Use PDF Document
by Andy Cockburn, Bruce McKenzie (2000)
Subject: Information Seeking Behavior
Language: English
Abstract: This paper provides an empirical characterisation of user actions at the web browser. The study is based on an analysis of four months of logged client-side data that describes user actions with recent versions of Netscape Navigator. In particular, the logged data allows us to determine the title, URL and time of each page visit, how often they visited each page, how long they spent at each page, the growth and content of bookmark collections, as well as a variety of other aspects of user interaction with the web. The results update and extend prior empirical characterisations of web use. Among the results we show that web page revisitation is a much more prevalent activity than previously reported (approximately 81% of pages have been previously visited by the user), that most pages are visited for a surprisingly short period of time, that users maintain large (and possibly overwhelming) bookmark collections, and that there is a marked lack of commonality in the pages visited by different users.

What Is An Information Architect? PDF Document (3/20/2007)
Subject: Education & Training, Information Architecture - Education & Training, Information Architecture - General
Language: English
Abstract: The Information Architecture Institute is an international organization committed to advancing and promoting the practice of information architecture. We define information architecture as the art and science of organizing and labeling websites, intranets, online communities and software to support usability. As information proliferates exponentially, usability is becoming the critical success factor for websites and software applications. Good IA lays the necessary groundwork for an information system that makes sense to users.
Available Translations:
Español at iainstitute.org/es/docomentos/Cual_es_un_AI.pdf
Nederlands at iainstitute.org/nl/translations/wat_is_informatiearchitectuur.php

What is Information Architecture? (Arabic) Microsoft Word Document
Subject: Information Architecture - General
Language: Arabic

What's in a Name? (2001)
Subject: Expert Opinions, Information Architecture - General, Information Design
Language: English
Abstract: Are there two information architectures? One influenced by presentation and one influenced by structure? Is the presentation-based IA better served by the name "information design?" Does the medium really matter? Is print IA/ID different from web-based IA/ID in meaningful ways? For its April 2001 issue, Design Matters contacted several people and asked them to respond to these questions informally.
Note: From the Society for Technical Communication.

Why You Need Your Very Own Taxonomy
by Tom Smith (2001)
Subject: Classification, Ontologies, Searching
Language: English
Abstract: This article is an introduction to taxonomies and faceted classifications.

Wszyscy jesteśmy architektami informacji (We Are All Information Architects)
by Stanislaw Skorka (1/2008)
Subject: Information Architecture - General, Information Architecture - Job Skills
Language: Polish
Abstract: Wywiad z prof. Ericem Reissem

An interview with Eric Reiss about information architecture. Addresses the issue of its definition, how to develop as an IA professional, and what fields of knowledge and skills an information architect should have.
Note: also translated to English at http://www.wsp.krakow.pl/konspekt/30/index.php?i=024
Available Translations:
English at www.wsp.krakow.pl/konspekt/30/index.php?i=024

¿Cuál es un Arquitecto de Información? PDF Document (3/20/2007)
Subject: Education & Training, Information Architecture - Education & Training, Information Architecture - General
Language: Español
Abstract: Definimos a la arquitectura de información como el arte y ciencia de organizar y etiquetar sitios web, intranets, comunidades online y software para mejorar la usabilidad. A medida que la información prolifera exponencialmente, la usabilidad se está convirtiendo en un factor crítico de éxito para los sitios web y las aplicaciones de software. Una buena AI establece las bases necesarias para un sistema de información que tenga sentido para sus usuarios.
Available Translations:
English at iainstitute.org/documents/learn/What_is_IA.pdf
Greek at iainstitute.org/translations/What-is-IA-Greek.doc
Polish at iainstitute.org/translations/co-to-jest-architektem-informacji.doc

¿Soy un Arquitecto de Información? PDF Document (3/20/2007)
Subject: Education & Training, Information Architecture - Education & Training, Information Architecture - General
Language: Español
Abstract: Mucha gente se ha hecho esta pregunta: ¿Soy un Arquitecto de Información? Muchas veces nos encontramos solos en la oficina preguntándonos por qué no encajamos en un departamento específico o, después de una cantidad de evaluaciones, sentimos que simplemente no estamos haciendo lo que realmente queremos.
Available Translations:
English at iainstitute.org/documents/learn/Am_I_an_IA.pdf
Polish at iainstitute.org/translations/czy-jestem-architektem-informacji.doc

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